Networking

Types of operating system
Network operating system windows XP professional, server 2000 and 2003
Desktop operating system windows XP
Server operating system Server 2000, server 2003
Client operating system windows XP professional

Network
Peer to peer network:-
Networks that are arranged in the form of peer logically or physically are known as peer to peer Network. The network under the WORKGROUP model is also known as peer to peer.

Server client Network:-
Network using a server and the rest are connected to a server is called server client model Network. Server is a computer called as resource provider and the rest are client which uses the provided resources by server.
Network classes
0-255. 0-255. 0-255. 0-255
W X y Z

Classes Value of W example Host ID subnet mask
A 1-127 10.254.253.1 xyz 225.0.0.0
B 128-191 129.254.253.2 yz 255.255.0.0
C 192-233 192.168.0.1 z 255.255.255.0
D 224-239 224.239.253.1 Multicasting system (video call)
E 240-254 241.252.253.1 Reserved for experiential use

Here the network means the value shown by 255 and the value shown by 0 is Host
Notes:
Look back address- this address is used for same computer (127.0.0.1)
If we ping this ip this ping the same computer or the own computer.
About class c
192.168.0.0 this IP is not used as Network ID
192.168.0.255 this IP also cannot be used this is used for broadcasting.

Class B
131.1.0.0 and 131.5.255.255 this types of IP cannot be used
Note for all IP
The starting and the ending IP of any class cannot be used in network. This types of IP is not acceptable by the network adapters.
Most used Network commands
Ping- this command is used to find if there is connection between the computers in the network.
Syntax ping 192.168.0.1
The result given by this command is called ECHO.
Ipconfig : this command is used for to look the IP and other related information about the Network and the adapter.
Network devices
Cable:- cables are used as the medium of connection. Most probably used cables CAT5 and CAT 6.
RJ45:- this is the jack used at the tip of the cables.
NIC:- This is the device used to make the connection between the computers. With out NIC Network is not possible. The full form of NIC is “Network Interface Card” NIC is also called as LAN card LAN means Local Area Network.
Hub:- This is the network device which helps in connecting more than 2 computers. We can find many ports in this device where we can connect the RJ45.
Switch:- This type of network device is used in the network where the mass numbers of computers are used and it also make the network signal strong.
Router:- This is the special device for the network. This type is device mostly used for the network where there is two types of network. Example you have your own home network running 6 computers and you are connecting internet and in this case mostly routers are used since these devices are power full and can make the signals more strong.
Cable configuration
Straight (same on both sides) cross cable
Orange white-----------------------------------------green white
Orange------------------------------------------------green
Green white-------------------------------------------orange white
Blue-------------------------------------------------------blue
Blue white-----------------------------------------------blue white
Green-------------------------------------------------------orange
Brown -----------------------------------------------------brown
Brown white---------------------------------------------brown white

Note straight cables both end should be the same and for the cross cable you should make one end as straight given above and the next as the cross given above.(the above given cable structure is the world standard but you can make your own straight and cross cables).
For networking after you make the perfect cable and connect to each other.
Now right click on Network Connection and select properties.





New window appears and you can see network connection



Right click on the Local area connection and select properties you can see the following screen;











Now select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click properties tab and you can see the following screen











Now select use the following IP address and assign the IP Manually when assigning the IP you should assign the IP of same class and same range. Eg: 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.2.192.168.0.200 etc.