Hardwere&Networking

HARDWARE AND NETWORKING.
COURSE OF STUDY
• FUNDAMENTALS
• COMPUTER PARTS
• ELECTRONICS
• ASSEMBLING
• MS DOS
• FORMAT, SETUP (both from command prompt and direct from bootable cd.)
• SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
• TROUBLESHOOTING
• NETWORKING

1. FUNDAMENTALS

a)HARDWARE: Hardware is the maintenance of physical parts of the computer and software troubleshooting.

Architech of computer.

Any machine that does three things: accepts structured input, processes it according to prescribed rules, and produces the results as output. Computers can be categorized by,


ALU
AIRTHMATIC AND LOGICAL UNIT

CPU
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITS

MEMORY UNIT
RAM-Random access Memory
ROM-Read Only Memory


SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICE

HARD DISK
FLOPPY DISK


COMPUTER:

Class Computers can be classified as supercomputers, mainframes, superminicomputers, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All other things (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, such a categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.
Generation First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC, introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. Third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, were those in which integrated circuits replaced transistors. Fourth-generation computers, appearing in the mid-1970s, are those, such as microcomputers, in which large-scale integration (LSI) enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration (VLSI) with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.
Mode of processing Computers are either analog or digital. Analog computers, generally used in scientific pursuits, represent values by continuously variable signals that can have any of an infinite number of values within a limited range at any particular time. Digital computers, the type most people think of as computers, represent values by discrete signals-the bits representing the binary digits 0 and 1.


TYPES OF COMPUTER:
mainframe computer

A high-level computer designed for the most intensive computational tasks. Mainframe computers are often shared by multiple users connected to the computer by terminals.


microcomputer
A computer built around a single-chip microprocessor. Less powerful than minicomputers and mainframes, microcomputers have nevertheless evolved into very powerful machines capable of complex tasks. Technology has progressed so quickly that state-of-the-art microcomputers are as powerful as mainframe computers of only a few years ago, at a fraction of the cost.

minicomputer
A mid-level computer built to perform complex computations while dealing efficiently with a high level of input and output from users connected via terminals. Minicomputers also frequently connect to other minicomputers on a network and distribute processing among all the attached machines. Minicomputers are used heavily in transaction-processing applications and as interfaces between mainframe computer systems and wide area networks.

supercomputer
A large, extremely fast, and expensive computer used for complex or sophisticated calculations.