Computer's Elecronics

ELECTRONICS:

• Electrons
• Conductors
• Resistance
• Diode
• Transistors
• IC
• Capacitors
• Transformer


1. Electrons

A component of atom having negative charged represent by e-. The metallic substance that have affability of electron in outermost orbital is used to carry and pass the data from one place to another.

2. Conductors:

Substance that transfer the electrons from one position to another. i.e., heat, electricity can be transmitted through conductors.
TYPE OF CONDUCTORS
• Good Conductors- Metal like silver, copper, aluminum
• Conductor- alloys like melanin
• Poor conductors- graphite and electrolyte
• Semiconductor- Germanium and silicon

3. Resistance

The ability to impede (resist) the flow of electric current. With the exception of superconductors, all substances have a greater or lesser degree of resistance. Substances with very low resistance, such as metals, conduct electricity well and are called conductors. Substances with very high resistance, such as glass and rubber, conduct electricity poorly and are called nonconductors or insulators. Resistance is denoted by ‘R’ and its unit is ohm (Ω)


4. Diode

A device that passes current in only one direction. A diode is usually a semiconductor.

5. Transistors:

Short for transfer resistor. A solid-state circuit component, usually with three leads, that can serve many functions, including those of amplifier, switch, and oscillator. The transistor is a fundamental component of almost all modern electronics. The main functions of three leads are,

a) Amplifier: The state in which the switching device flow maximum possible current.
b) Switch: Permanent connection to establishe link or route between two parties.
c) Oscillator: Electric circuit that provide a periodically varying output at a controlled frequency.


6. IC :

Short form for the Integrated circuit.
A device consisting of a number of connected circuit elements, such as transistors and resistors, fabricated on a single chip of silicon crystal or other semiconductor material. Integrated circuits are categorized by the number of elements they contain.

Small-scale integration (SSI) fewer than 10
medium-scale integration (MSI) 10-100
Large-scale integration (LSI) 100-5,000
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) 5,000-50,000
super-large-scale integration (SLSI) 50,000-100,000
Ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) more than 100,000


7. Capacitor :

A circuit component that provides a known amount of capacitance (ability to store an electric charge). A capacitor typically consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulating (dielectric) material. If other factors remain constant, capacitance increases as the plates are made larger or brought closer together. A capacitor blocks direct current but passes alternating current to an extent that depends on its capacitance and on the frequency of the current.



8. Transformer:

A device used to change the voltage of an alternating current signal or to change the impedance of an alternating current circuit.